The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or “Rio Declaration on Environment and Development” has been concluded in 1992, by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janero. The UNFCCC was signed by 154 countries in 1992. The key points of the Convention were:
1) stabilization of the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, while also ensuring food production is not put under threat, and allowing for economic development to proceed.
2) developed countries should take the initiative in reducing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
3) no specific greenhouse-gas-reduction aims, time frames, or penalties for violators were agreed on
4) the participating countries decided on meeting at COPs (Conferences of the Parties) on a regular basis to work on the implementation of the Convention’s objectives. Countries are taking necessary policy and measures to reduce GHG emissions individually and jointly, in order to stabilize the climate change.

GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluoro carbons (HFCs), perfluoro carbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The Carbon dioxide content is more than others, in the GHG, therefore all other gases used to be counted as their conversion into CO2, named CO2 equivalent. ...